What Is a Swimming Pool?

A swimming pool, also known as a bath or wading pool, is a body of water used for swimming or other recreational activities. It may be built into the ground or aboveground, and may be custom-built or standardized to a recognizable size and shape such as Olympic-size. Pools are used in a variety of leisure pursuits, including recreation and competition, physical therapy, water sports, diving, and lifeguard training. The word “pool” may also refer to a hot tub or spa, whose features are not necessarily related to swimming but to relaxing in heated or sanitized water.

The earliest pools were naturally-occurring thermal springs, from which people would swim and soak for health and pleasure in the eras of ancient Greece and Rome. These locations were often known as spas and remain popular places of relaxation and pampering today, ranging from small businesses offering facials and massage to expansive destinations of luxury and wellness.

Modern swimming pools are usually constructed of concrete or fiberglass and can be in a wide range of sizes and shapes. In addition to the standardized size of Olympic-size pools, a popular design for lap swimming is a long and narrow pool with lanes that run parallel to each of the longer sides. Such pools are sometimes called fast or slow, with faster speeds achieved by reducing resistance through innovative hydraulic, acoustic and illumination designs.

The safety of swimmers is a primary consideration for all swimming pools. Drowning is a risk for young and inexperienced swimmers, as well as those with medical conditions such as heart or respiratory problems. Efforts are made to reduce this danger by employing trained lifeguards, providing proper supervision and administering first aid. The levels of bacteria and pathogens in the pool water are also regulated to prevent disease. Pumps, mechanical sand filters and disinfectants are typically used to sanitize the water.